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The Holy Roman Empire: A Medieval Power
An overview of the Holy Roman Empire from the imperial coronations of the early Middle Ages to the late medieval period: who ruled it and how it was organized.
Empires and Wars
Realms and Empires
The Holy Roman Empire, the Ottomans and the dynastic wars of England.
The History of the Wars of the Ottomans: A Study of Conflict and Diplomacy
How the Ottomans grew from a frontier principality in Anatolia into a Balkan power before 1453, mixing warfare with treaties, vassalage and marriage diplomacy.
The History of the Wars of the Roses: A Study of Conflict and Diplomacy
Why England's fifteenth-century dynastic struggle began, how foreign courts and shifting noble loyalties shaped it, and how it ended under the first Tudor king.
The Holy Roman Empire: A Complex and Turbulent History
How emperors, German princes and popes clashed over power in the medieval empire, and how the system of imperial electors came to choose the emperor.
The Medieval Concept of the Holy Roman Empire
What idea lay behind the Holy Roman Empire, what universal claim it made as heir to Rome, and how far emperors actually governed compared with that claim.
The Rise of the Mongols: A Medieval Empire
How the Mongol Empire grew from steppe tribes into the largest land empire of the Middle Ages, how its armies worked, and how it touched Eastern Europe.
The Wars of the Roses: A Bloody Conflict for the English Throne
A phase-by-phase account of the Wars of the Roses, from Henry VI's weak rule to Bosworth, and why historians debate how bloody the conflict really was.
Related topics
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Rome and the Carolingians How the Roman west gave way to new kingdoms and how Charlemagne empire later broke apart. The Byzantine Empire The eastern Roman state, its power, its legacy and its end at Constantinople. The Crusades Causes, campaigns and consequences of the crusading movement. The Crusader States The Latin lordships founded in the East and the fall of Jerusalem. Templars and Hospitallers The great military and charitable orders of the crusading world. The Hundred Years War The long English and French conflict and the Black Prince. Era Overviews Broad looks at the medieval period and its themes of change. Ottomans and Iberia The early Ottomans, the fall of Constantinople and the Reconquista. Norman Conquests The Norman takeover of England and the later push into Ireland. City-States Self-governing medieval cities, from Italian republics to royal Paris. Rise of the Kingdoms How England, France, Burgundy and the Holy Roman Empire took shape. The Vikings Norse raiders, traders and settlers and their impact on Europe and England. Famous Battles and Sieges Individual clashes beyond Hastings and Agincourt and what each changed.